Doctors in Jammu and Kashmir have linked rising infertility levels to factors such as late marriages, sedentary and stressful lifestyles, imbalanced diets, and a lack of adequate awareness regarding reproductive health and timely medical care.
They say infertility, once considered relatively uncommon in the region, is now being increasingly diagnosed among young couples—especially women—emerging as both a medical and social challenge with potential long-term consequences.
Dr Sabiya Jan, a gynaecologist from the Directorate of Health Services Kashmir (DHSK), said that the postponement of marriage has become a major contributing factor. “Fertility naturally declines with age, particularly after the mid-20s. However, it is now common for women to marry in their late 20s or 30s, which significantly reduces the chances of conception,” she said.
She stated that a range of socio-economic factors—including prolonged education, unemployment, financial instability, and the tendency to delay marriage until securing a stable job—are pushing individuals to marry later in life. She further added that rapid lifestyle changes are compounding the issue. Sedentary routines, increased screen time, chronic stress, and disrupted sleep cycles are negatively impacting reproductive health.
A notable concern is the growing incidence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal disorder that has become a leading cause of infertility. “PCOS is strongly linked to obesity, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy eating patterns, including excessive consumption of processed and fast foods,” she said.
Doctors stress that diet and physical activity play a critical role in maintaining reproductive health. Diets high in refined sugars, trans fats, and processed foods can lead to obesity, insulin resistance, and hormonal imbalances—all of which impair fertility.
“Balanced nutrition is essential. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats supports hormonal balance and overall reproductive function,” said Dr Murtaza Wani, a general physician. “Adequate intake of micronutrients such as iron, folic acid, vitamin D, and zinc is also vital.”
Regular physical activity is equally important. Exercise helps regulate body weight, improves insulin sensitivity, reduces stress, and enhances hormonal health. Even moderate activities like brisk walking or cycling can significantly improve fertility outcomes,” he said.
Experts also point to reproductive tract infections as an often-overlooked cause of infertility. Conditions like Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)—frequently resulting from untreated infections—can cause lasting damage to reproductive organs if not addressed in time.
Dr Rukhsana Jan, another gynaecologist, said that unsafe abortions carried out in unhygienic conditions by untrained individuals can lead to severe infections and irreversible reproductive damage. She said that limited awareness about reproductive health and contraception is aggravating the situation. Many couples lack proper guidance on family planning, leading to repeated unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and untreated infections—all contributing to infertility.
“Both men and women need better education on reproductive health. Misuse or inconsistent use of contraceptive methods can have serious consequences,” she added.
Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2019–21 indicates that Jammu and Kashmir has recorded the lowest fertility rate in the country, with a noticeable decline compared to previous survey cycles. Health experts warn that if this trend continues, it could lead to significant demographic shifts and social challenges in the future.
Doctors emphasise that timely consultation with qualified physicians can make a substantial difference. “Couples should not delay seeking medical advice if conception does not occur within a reasonable time. Early diagnosis of hormonal issues, infections, or other underlying conditions improves the chances of successful treatment,” they said. Routine health check-ups, fertility assessments, and adherence to medical guidance are essential steps in addressing the issue.
Doctors recommend a comprehensive approach involving individuals, families, and government agencies. Suggested measures include marrying at an appropriate age and planning childbirth early; maintaining a balanced, nutrient-rich diet; engaging in regular physical activity; managing stress and ensuring adequate sleep; seeking timely treatment for infections and hormonal disorders; avoiding unsafe abortions and promoting awareness about contraception and reproductive health.
They also called for stronger government initiatives, including awareness campaigns, integration of reproductive health education in colleges and communities, and improved access to maternal and gynaecological healthcare services.
“Fertility is closely linked to lifestyle and timely decision-making. With informed choices, healthier habits, and early medical care, this worrying trend can still be reversed,” doctors said.
